編碼器是將信號或數據進行編制、轉換為可用以通訊、傳輸和存儲的信號形式的設備。
編碼器把角位移或直線位移轉換成電信號，前者成為碼盤，后者稱碼尺．按照讀出方式編碼器可以分為接觸式和非接觸式兩種．接觸式采用電刷輸出，一電刷接觸導電區或絕緣區來表示代碼的狀態是"1"還是“0"；非接觸式的接受敏感元件是光敏元件或磁敏元件，采用光敏元件時以透光區和不透光區來表示代碼的狀態是"1"還是"0"，通過"1"和“0"的二進制編碼來將采集來的物理信號轉換為機器碼可讀取的電信號用以通訊、傳輸和儲存。
隔(ge)(ge)離(li)措施：隔(ge)(ge)離(li)是(shi)(shi)破壞干擾途徑、切斷耦合(he)(he)(he)(he)通道，從而達(da)到抑制干擾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技(ji)術措施。編碼器(qi)(qi)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源如果選擇 DC/DC 隔(ge)(ge)離(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，主(zhu)要(yao)使(shi)用在(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統有很多同(tong)(tong)時(shi)在(zai)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)，現場出(chu)現較(jiao)為嚴重干擾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)。增量(liang)信號(hao)接(jie)收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耦合(he)(he)(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)隔(ge)(ge)離(li)，應用于增量(liang)脈沖(chong)信號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)收單元電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中。光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耦合(he)(he)(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耦合(he)(he)(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，輸(shu)出(chu)量(liang)也是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，但是(shi)(shi)輸(shu)入(ru)、輸(shu)出(chu)之(zhi)間從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)上看卻是(shi)(shi)絕(jue)緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。保證了輸(shu)入(ru)回路(lu)(lu)和輸(shu)出(chu)回路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)隔(ge)(ge)離(li)第二(er)步：編碼器(qi)(qi)安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣隔(ge)(ge)離(li)：在(zai)有大型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機和變頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場合(he)(he)(he)(he)下，如果碰(peng)到有干擾問題，那很有可(ke)能是(shi)(shi)遇見電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)“交流漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)"了。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機本身同(tong)(tong)時(shi)也是(shi)(shi)一個發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，在(zai)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬間，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機動(dong)(dong)力與“發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)"反電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)勢是(shi)(shi)不(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機產生(sheng)加速運動(dong)(dong)，但這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)也有可(ke)能會在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)上產生(sheng)瞬間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，我們在(zai)檢查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)地(di)只是(shi)(shi)靜態測(ce)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻量(liang)，無法(fa)確定在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬間能夠有很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流導(dao)通接(jie)地(di)。在(zai)這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下，建(jian)議編碼器(qi)(qi)外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)（包括編碼器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉軸）要(yao)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)絕(jue)緣隔(ge)(ge)離(li)。

信號(hao)連接—編碼器的脈沖信號(hao)一般連接計(ji)數器、PLC、計(ji)算機，PLC和計(ji)算機連接的模塊(kuai)有低速模塊(kuai)與(yu)高速模塊(kuai)之分，開關頻率有低有高。
如單相聯接，用(yong)于(yu)單方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)計數，單方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)測速。
A.B兩(liang)相聯接，用于正反向計數、判斷正反向和測速(su)。
A、B、Z三相(xiang)聯接，用于帶參(can)考(kao)位修正的位置測量。
A、A-，B、B-，Z、Z-連接，由(you)于帶有對稱負信(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)連接，電流對于電纜貢獻(xian)的(de)(de)電磁場為(wei)0，衰減小(xiao)，抗干擾，可傳(chuan)輸較遠的(de)(de)距(ju)離。
對于TTL的帶有(you)對稱負信號(hao)輸出的編碼器，信號(hao)傳輸距(ju)離(li)可達150米。
旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)編(bian)碼器(qi)由精密器(qi)件構(gou)成，故(gu)當受到較(jiao)大的沖擊時，可(ke)能會(hui)損壞(huai)內部功能，使用上應充分注意。

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