品牌 ATOS/意大利阿托斯 應用領域 能源,綜合
意大利ATOS柱塞泵的維護和原理
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概述
柱(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)泵柱(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)往(wang)復運動(dong)(dong)總行(xing)(xing)程L是(shi)不(bu)(bu)變(bian)的(de)，由凸(tu)(tu)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)升程決定(ding)。柱(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)每循環(huan)的(de)供(gong)(gong)油(you)量大小(xiao)取決于供(gong)(gong)油(you)行(xing)(xing)程,供(gong)(gong)油(you)行(xing)(xing)程不(bu)(bu)受凸(tu)(tu)輪(lun)(lun)軸(zhou)控制(zhi)是(shi)可變(bian)的(de)。供(gong)(gong)油(you)開始時刻(ke)不(bu)(bu)隨供(gong)(gong)油(you)行(xing)(xing)程的(de)變(bian)化而變(bian)化。轉動(dong)(dong)柱(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)可改變(bian)供(gong)(gong)油(you)終了時刻(ke)，從而改變(bian)供(gong)(gong)油(you)量。柱(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)泵工作時，在噴油(you)泵凸(tu)(tu)輪(lun)(lun)軸(zhou)上的(de)凸(tu)(tu)輪(lun)(lun)與柱(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)彈簧的(de)作用(yong)下(xia)(xia)，迫使柱(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)作上、下(xia)(xia)往(wang)復運動(dong)(dong)，從而完成泵油(you)任務(wu)，泵油(you)過程可分(fen)為以下(xia)(xia)兩個階(jie)段(duan)。
進油過程
當凸輪的凸起部分轉過去后(hou)，在(zai)(zai)彈(dan)簧力(li)的作用(yong)下(xia)，柱(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)向下(xia)運動(dong)，柱(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)上部空間（稱為泵油(you)(you)室）產生真空度，當柱(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)上端(duan)面把柱(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)套上的進油(you)(you)孔(kong)打開后(hou)，充滿在(zai)(zai)油(you)(you)泵上體油(you)(you)道內的柴油(you)(you)經油(you)(you)孔(kong)進入泵油(you)(you)室，柱(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)運動(dong)到下(xia)止點，進油(you)(you)結束
回油過程
柱(zhu)塞(sai)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上供油(you)，當(dang)(dang)上行(xing)到柱(zhu)塞(sai)上的斜槽（停(ting)供邊）與(yu)套筒上的回(hui)油(you)孔(kong)(kong)相通(tong)時，泵油(you)室低壓油(you)路(lu)便與(yu)柱(zhu)塞(sai)頭(tou)部的中孔(kong)(kong)和(he)徑(jing)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)孔(kong)(kong)及斜槽溝(gou)通(tong)，油(you)壓驟然下降(jiang)，出油(you)閥在彈(dan)簧(huang)力的作用(yong)下迅(xun)速關閉，停(ting)止(zhi)供油(you)。此后(hou)柱(zhu)塞(sai)還要上行(xing)，當(dang)(dang)凸輪的凸起(qi)部分轉(zhuan)過去后(hou)，在彈(dan)簧(huang)的作用(yong)下，柱(zhu)塞(sai)又下行(xing)。此時便開始了(le)下一(yi)個循環。柱(zhu)塞(sai)泵以一(yi)個柱(zhu)塞(sai)為原理介紹，一(yi)個柱(zhu)塞(sai)泵上有兩個單(dan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)閥，并且方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相反，柱(zhu)塞(sai)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)個方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)運(yun)動時缸內(nei)(nei)出現負壓，這時一(yi)個單(dan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)閥打開液體被吸(xi)入缸內(nei)(nei)，柱(zhu)塞(sai)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)另(ling)一(yi)個方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)運(yun)動時，將液體壓縮后(hou)另(ling)一(yi)個單(dan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)閥被打開，被吸(xi)入缸內(nei)(nei)的液體被排出。這種(zhong)工作方(fang)式連(lian)續運(yun)動后(hou)就形成了(le)連(lian)續供油(you) 。
意大利ATOS柱塞泵維護：
采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)補(bu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)供油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)3000h后，操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人員每(mei)日需對(dui)(dui)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)檢(jian)(jian)查1-2次，檢(jian)(jian)查液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)運(yun)轉聲響(xiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否正(zheng)常。如(ru)發現(xian)(xian)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)缸速度下(xia)降或(huo)悶(men)車時(shi)，就應(ying)該(gai)對(dui)(dui)補(bu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)解(jie)體檢(jian)(jian)查，檢(jian)(jian)查葉輪邊(bian)沿(yan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否有(you)刮傷現(xian)(xian)象，內齒輪泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)間隙(xi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否過(guo)大(da)(da)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)自(zi)吸(xi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)型柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)，液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)液(ye)(ye)(ye)不得低(di)于(yu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)標下(xia)限(xian)，要(yao)保(bao)持(chi)足夠數(shu)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清潔度越(yue)高，液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)越(yue)長(chang)。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)最重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部件(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)軸(zhou)承(cheng)，如(ru)果軸(zhou)承(cheng)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)游(you)隙(xi)，則不能(neng)(neng)(neng)保(bao)證(zheng)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)內部三對(dui)(dui)磨(mo)擦(ca)副(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常間隙(xi)，同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)會破(po)壞(huai)各磨(mo)擦(ca)副(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靜液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)支承(cheng)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)膜厚度，降低(di)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)軸(zhou)承(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)。據液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)制造(zao)廠提(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資料，軸(zhou)承(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)均使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)為10000h，超(chao)過(guo)此值就需要(yao)更換(huan)(huan)(huan)新口。拆卸下(xia)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)承(cheng)，沒有(you)專(zhuan)業檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)儀器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無法檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)出(chu)(chu)(chu)軸(zhou)承(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)游(you)隙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，只能(neng)(neng)(neng)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)目測(ce)，如(ru)發現(xian)(xian)滾柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)表面(mian)(mian)有(you)劃痕或(huo)變(bian)色，就必須更換(huan)(huan)(huan)。在(zai)更換(huan)(huan)(huan)軸(zhou)承(cheng)時(shi)，應(ying)注意原軸(zhou)承(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)英文字母和(he)型號，柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)軸(zhou)承(cheng)大(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)載荷(he)容量軸(zhou)承(cheng)，購(gou)買原廠家，原規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品，如(ru)果更換(huan)(huan)(huan)另一種(zhong)品牌，應(ying)請(qing)教對(dui)(dui)軸(zhou)承(cheng)有(you)經(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人員查表對(dui)(dui)換(huan)(huan)(huan)，目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)持(chi)軸(zhou)承(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精度等(deng)級和(he)載荷(he)容量。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)短，與(yu)平(ping)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維護保(bao)養，液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量和(he)質量，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)液(ye)(ye)(ye)清潔度等(deng)有(you)關。避免油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顆粒對(dui)(dui)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)磨(mo)擦(ca)副(fu)(fu)造(zao)成磨(mo)損等(deng)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)延(yan)長(chang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)壽(shou)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)途徑。在(zai)維修中(zhong)更換(huan)(huan)(huan)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)應(ying)盡(jin)量使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)原廠生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)，這些零(ling)(ling)件(jian)有(you)時(shi)比其它仿(fang)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)價(jia)格要(yao)貴，但質量及穩(wen)定性(xing)要(yao)好(hao)，如(ru)果購(gou)買售價(jia)便宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仿(fang)造(zao)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)，短期內似乎(hu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)省(sheng)了(le)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)，但由此出(chu)(chu)(chu)帶來了(le)隱患(huan)，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)造(zao)成更大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危害。配(pei)(pei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)盤有(you)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)配(pei)(pei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)球(qiu)面(mian)(mian)配(pei)(pei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)兩(liang)種(zhong)形式。球(qiu)面(mian)(mian)配(pei)(pei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)擦(ca)副(fu)(fu)，在(zai)缸體配(pei)(pei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)面(mian)(mian)劃痕比較淺時(shi)，通(tong)過(guo)研(yan)磨(mo)手段修復；缸體配(pei)(pei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)面(mian)(mian)溝(gou)槽(cao)(cao)較深時(shi)，應(ying)先采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)“表面(mian)(mian)工(gong)程技術"手段填平(ping)溝(gou)槽(cao)(cao)后，再進行(xing)研(yan)磨(mo)，不可(ke)(ke)盲(mang)目研(yan)磨(mo)，，以(yi)(yi)防銅(tong)層變(bian)薄或(huo)漏油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)出(chu)(chu)(chu)鋼基(ji)。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)變(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)約電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，上海正(zheng)藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程師(shi)指出(chu)(chu)(chu)：柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)在(zai)實際生產過(guo)程中(zhong)，通(tong)常運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)或(huo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量來調(diao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)狀態。當實際壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)大(da)(da)于(yu)需要(yao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)時(shi)，都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)閥(fa)(fa)來調(diao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)，使(shi)(shi)其工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)保(bao)持(chi)穩(wen)定讓(rang)溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)閥(fa)(fa)施(shi)放超(chao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)部分(fen)(fen)。而(er)電(dian)機一直處于(yu)全速運(yun)行(xing)反復動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，功耗(hao)不變(bian)。當采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)來調(diao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)和(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量時(shi)，有(you)部分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)余(yu)量溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)回(hui)原系統，從而(er)造(zao)成柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)存在(zai)無用(yong)(yong)(yong)功率(lv)，工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)低(di)，若使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)創杰節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)變(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)后，溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)閥(fa)(fa)可(ke)(ke)定它封閉，通(tong)過(guo)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)變(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)本身(shen)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)調(diao)整工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)，保(bao)持(chi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定，自(zi)動(dong)(dong)追蹤設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)。實現(xian)(xian)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化控制，從而(er)節(jie)(jie)(jie)省(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)。這種(zhong)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)方式最大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點就是(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)降低(di)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)，節(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)效(xiao)果可(ke)(ke)達30%以(yi)(yi)上。
意大利ATOS柱塞泵的維護和原理
